| 1. | The welfare costs of tariffs , monopolies , and theft
垄断和偷窃的福利成本 |
| 2. | The welfare cost of public investment policy wang xiong jian , zou heng fu
汪雄剑，邹恒甫178 |
| 3. | A theoretical analysis of impact of finance innovation on demand for money and welfare cost of inflation
金融创新对货币需求与通货膨胀福利成本影响的理论分析 |
| 4. | He defined the famous welfare triangle , the area under the inverse money demand function , as the welfare costs of inflation
他将著名的“福利三角” ? ?货币需求曲线以下部分的面积? ?定义为通货膨胀的福利成本。 |
| 5. | Health and social welfare costs associated with the ageing population would increase , while the number of salaries tax payers would decrease
人口老化会引致政府在医疗和社会福利方面的支出增加，但缴纳薪俸税的人数却会减少。 |
| 6. | In the second section , the research of bailey ( 1956 ) is introduced in detail . he was the first economist who presented the method of how to measure the welfare costs of inflation
第二部分详细介绍了bailey ( 1956 )的工作,他是第一个提出如何计量通货膨胀福利成本的经济学家。 |
| 7. | While economists designing plans may worry about ex ante welfare costs , public or private plan administrators may also worry about ex post regret - the after - the - fact costs of a decision
经济学家在制订退休金计划时，事先福利成本是个难以解决的问题。而对公众或私人计划的管理人来说，他们所要操心的还有后悔成本，即在知道结果后的成本。 |
| 8. | For instance , for someone with minimal risk aversion , investing too little in equities can lead to large " ex ante welfare costs , " or the anticipated costs of making a decision before the outcome is known
例如，有人规避风险的心理不怎么强，如果他在股票中投入的比例太低，就会产生大量“事先福利成本” ，即在知道结果前先做决定的预期成本。 |
| 9. | The goal of this paper is to introduce the researches about the welfare costs of inflation in detail , and then try to measure the costs of china , in the hope of filling up the blank in this field in china and motivating further researches
本文的写作目的是对现有的关于平稳通货膨胀的福利成本的理论及模型进行梳理和总结,并在此基础上对中国的通货膨胀福利成本进行计量,希望能够抛砖引玉,填补国内这一方面的空白。 |
| 10. | There are five sections in this paper . in the first section , the definition of the welfare costs of inflation is introduced and a brief summary about the previous researches is done to show where this line of research stands today . in a word , an assessment of the welfare costs of inflation requires a sound understanding of the benefits of monetary exchange relative to alternative payment arrangement or , equivalently , a theory of why money is useful
第一部分给出了平稳通货膨胀(各期的通货膨胀水平保持相同)下,通货膨胀福利成本的定义,即在某一通货膨胀水平下,需要补贴给公众多少收入,才能使他们的效用水平与帕累托最优状态下的效用水平保持一致;并对前人关于这一问题的研究做了较为详细的综述。 |
